ABSTRACT
Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA), also known as osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome, is a condition with simultaneous deterioration of bone (osteopenia/osteoporosis) and muscle (sarcopenia/dynapenia) and increased presence of adipose tissue, either as an overt overweight/obesity and/or as redistributed fat and/or as infiltrated fat into bone and muscle. Based on the interconnectedness among bone, muscle, and adipose tissues, we provide proof for OSA existence on the cellular, endocrine, and whole-body levels, with subsequent clinical/health consequences. The identification of OSA is discussed along with some available technologies for its diagnosis. Further, we review the newest literature published on the OSA syndrome, along with its multiple health consequences and importance to address this syndrome in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. We emphasize the presence of some underlining comorbidities, including low-grade chronic inflammation and chronic stress that could potentially initiate or worsen OSA. Finally, we give brief recommendations for nutritional and physical activity approaches that could be personalized for each individual, to help with either preventing or managing the OSA syndrome. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.